1. INTRODUCTION:

Now days, hand hygiene plays a vital role in maintaining a good health. Since, hands are becoming main reasons behind spreading the disease^1,2. Hence, Hand Hygiene is a vital principle and exercise in prevention, control and reduction of health acquired infections¹. Proper method of washing and drying hands stops the chain of transmission of deadly pathogens (from contaminated surface or site). since, chemical used in Hand sanitizer and Handwash shows side effects like redness or rashes on hands. So, Use of Herbal Hand Sanitizer and Herbal Handwash becomes must in recent circumstances. It was found that microbes had slowly developed resistance against various antibiotics. Since many decades Plants were the chief source of treating various diseases. Hence, this research highlights the use of various plants with antimicrobial activities².

The main reason of present study was to prepare herbal hand sanitizer incorporating the leaves extract of Azadirachta indica (Neem)³, Ocimum tenuiflorum (Tulsi), Mentha (Mint), Aloe Barbandis (Aloe Vera), Syzygium Aromaticum (clove), Camphor, Rose water. This is best herbal combination which gives multidimensional activities; and to evaluate these formulations for their antimicrobial efficacy and safety of hands³. The formulation was evaluated against the specified microorganism (Bacteria: E-coli, staphylococcus aureous) by culture sensitivity test⁴. The significance was found to be more in comparison with standard references. Handwash made from Reetha powder as a foaming agent, Tulsi as main ingredient, rose water as a fragrant and aloe Vera as smoothening agent is an excellent herbal combination with multidimensional activities.

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS:

2.1. MATERIALS:

2.1.1. Collection of sample:

The plants Azadirachta indica (Neem), Ocimum tenuiflorum (Tulsi), Mentha (Mint), Aloe Barbandis (Aloe Vera), Syzygium Aromaticum (Clove) were collected from areas of Sangli district.

2.2. METHODS:

2.2.1. Preparation of Extracts:

The leaves were taken from collected plants such as Azadirachta indica (Neem), Ocimum tenuiflorum (Tulsi), Mentha (Mint), Aloe Barbandis (Aloe Vera), Syzygium Aromaticum (Clove) and separately powdered. 5grams of leaf powder of each plant were collected and soaked in 200ml of ethanol seperately and kept for maceration for about 3-4 days. After maceration the prepared extract was collected as well as filtered and used further for making hand sanitizer and Handwash.

2.2.2. Preparations of Hand Sanitizer:

The following formula were used to prepare hand sanitizer. In this formulation the hand sanitizer was prepared using 5ml ethanoic extract filtrate of each plant. To this filtrate 10gm of camphor and 4-5 drops of rose water is added and the volume is made up to 50ml with alcohol.

Table 1: Formula for Hand Sanitizer.

Sr. No.	Ingredients	Quantity
1	Neem Extract	5ml
2	Tulsi Extract	5ml
3	Mint Extract	5ml
4	Clove Extract	5ml
5	Aloe Vera Extract	5ml
6	Camphor	10gm
7	Rose Water	5ml
8	Alcohole	20ml

2.2.3. Preparations of Handwash:

The following formula were used to prepare Handwash.

Table 2. Formula for Handwash.

Sr. No.	Ingredients	Quantity
1	Reetha Powder	10g
2	Tulsi	5g
3	Aloe Vera	5g
4	Rose Water	5ml
5	Purified Water	Qs.

2.2.4. Evaluation of the Prepared Formulations:

2.2.4.1. Organoleptic Properties:

Determination of clarity, color and odor was done. Appearance as well as color was tested by naked eyes against white background, while the odor was smelled.

2.2.4.2. Physical Properties:

a) Ph:

The pH of both formulations were determined by using Digital pH Meter.

b) Viscosity:

The viscosity of Handwash was determined by using digital Brookfield viscometer.

c) Skin Irritancy Test:

10 healthy volunteers were selected. The herbal hand sanitizer was applied on palm of 5 healthy volunteers and time was noted. Same as hand sanitizer, Handwash was applied on palm of 5 healthy volunteers and time was noted Irritancy, redness, dryness and itching like parameters were checked.

d) Foam Height:

1gm of sample of Handwash was taken, then it is dispersed in 25ml distilled water. Then, transferred it into 100ml measuring cylinder; volume was make up to 50ml with distilled water. Shaken it for 30 times and place aside to stand till aqueous volume measured up to 100ml as well as measured the foam height, above the aqueous volume.

e) Antimicrobial testing of the prepared formulations:

The prepared hand sanitizer and Handwash were exposed to antimicrobial screening by agar well diffusion method.

Organisms used were E coli, S aureus and P aeruginosa. 1ml of sanitizer was mixed with 5ml DMSO, while 1ml of Handwash was mixed with 5ml of sterile water; and it is further used for evaluating the antimicrobial activities. The plates were incubated at 37⁰C for 24 hours and the zones of inhibition were recorded.

3. PACKAGING:

The hand sanitizer was packed in transparent as well as refillable fine mist spray bottle which provides uniform mist with one easy push and the Handwash was packed in transparent as well as refillable dispenser pump containing bottle. Before filling the formulation into the container both the packaging containers were rinsed with water and then rinsed with ethanol to drain out the remaining water droplets.

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

4.1. RESULTS:

The present study was carried out to formulate Azadirachta indica (Neem), Ocimum tenuiflorum (Tulsi), Mentha (Mint), Aloe Barbandis (Aloe Vera), Syzygium Aromaticum (Clove) and Reetha Powder extracts based hand sanitizer and Handwash. The formulation was prepared by using herbal ingredients and excipients that are compatible with any similar hand cleansing formulations. It was organoleptically evaluated to ensure product stability and performed In-vitro antimicrobial test to demonstrate its efficacy against infectious bacteria which are collected from volunteers.

4.1.1. Evaluation Parameters:

A. Organoleptic Properties:

For the hand sanitizer, color was brown and odor was aromatic, while appearance was good. For Handwash, color of was brown and odor was fragrant, while appearance was good.

B. Physical Properties:

a) pH:

pH of the hand sanitizer was in between 7 to 7.5 and pH of the Handwash was in between 6.25 to 6.30.

b) Viscosity:

The viscosity of hand sanitizer and Handwash was found to be 54 and 62 CPS.

c) Skin Irritancy Test:

Hand sanitizer shows no any skin irritancy while Handwash shows Soft feeling with no skin irritation.

d) Foam Height:

For hand sanitizer foam height was 10cm, while for Handwash foam height was 35cm.

e) Antimicrobial testing of the prepared formulations:

In this particular evaluation test, the antibacterial of herbal hand sanitizer and Handwash were found to be safe as well as according to this information, we can say that the herbal hand sanitizer and Handwash shows to some extent lesser activity than pure antibiotic Gentamycin. But, definitely the formulated herbal hand sanitizer and Handwash has anti-microbial activity against bacterial species like E coli, S aureus and P aeruginosa.

4.2. DISCUSSION:

The prepared Herbal Hand sanitizer and Handwash are tested for its quality and efficacy. Hence, evaluation tests like organoleptic properties, physical properties and antibacterial test were carried out. The prepared Herbal Hand sanitizer and Herbal Handwash showed excellent effect against various microorganisms. The prepared formulation of Hand sanitizer appears Brownish with liquid consistency whereas Handwash appears brown in color having consistency like gel with smooth texture. Aloe Vera and Reetha used in respective formulations shows better result. Neem used in Hand sanitizer and Tulsi used in Handwash Shows excellent germicidal activity against various bacteria, viruses and fungi. Herbal Hand Sanitizer and Herbal Handwash which are prepared with two or many herbal with multidimensional properties are very effective against the bacteria which are most resistant to the disinfection process and multidrug-resistant pathogens. The herbals used in both formulations are widely used for medicinal purpose. These Herbals are also rich in various compounds. The main idea behind combining two or more herbals to get additive effect of active constituents of different plants. The prepared formulations were checked for its efficacy with the help of standard cup plate method and it was proved that both formulations were beneficial against various microbes. The result showed that the Herbal Hand sanitizer and Herbal Handwash are very effective with multidimensional activities.

5. CONCLUSION:

Most of the people do not even know the importance of using Herbal Hand sanitizer and Herbal Handwash. Since, Hands are the primary mode of spreading various infections. Proper methods of washing and drying hands can prevent infection. Hence, it was proved that the Herbal Hand sanitizer and Herbal Handwash are very effective against various bacteria, viruses and microbes and must in recent circumstances. As compared to chemically prepared Hand sanitizer and Handwash, Herbal Hand sanitizer and Herbal Handwash is very effective, environment friendly, biodegradable and inexpensive. Herbal Handwash is much better than the plain soap due to their ingredients and effectiveness on our skin of hands as well as suitable for all type of skin. Mostly herbal Handwash protect us from many daily encounter bacteria. The result suggest that the constituents of the various extracts of ocimum tenuiflorum, aloe Barbandis and their combination are capable of giving superficial anti-microbial, antibiotic as well as antibacterial activity and they are able to inhibit the many pathogens than commercially available antiseptic soap.

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Received on 19.10.2021 Modified on 26.02.2022

Asian J. Pharm. Res. 2022; 12(3):199-202.

DOI: 10.52711/2231-5691.2022.00032